Cell division refers to the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. This process is essential for growth, development and reproduction in living organisms. During cell division, the genetic material (DNA) within the parent cell is replicated and then distributed equally between the two new daughter cells. There are two main types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis occurs when a somatic (non-reproductive) cell divides to produce two identical copies, while meiosis occurs in reproductive cells leading to genetic variation through sexual reproduction.